THE QUR’AN LEADS THE WAY TO SCIENCE

THE QUR’AN LEADS THE WAY TO SCIENCE

Fourteen centuries ago God sent down the Qur’an as a guide to all humanity.

‡PŠÏÕk kZ‡Ki Av‡M Avj­vn iveŸyj AvÕjvgxb gvby‡li Rxeb Pjvi MvBW wn‡m‡e  bvwRj K‡iwQ‡jb Avj-KziAvb|

At the time the Arab community was in a state of complete degeneration and chaos but the light brought by the Qur’an changed it miraculously.

GB mgq Avi‡ei RbMY cy‡ivcywi AivRKZvi Ges †Kvb iKg wbqgbxwZ e¨vwZZ emevm KiwQj Ges Avðvh© RbK fv‡e Avj-KziAvb Zv‡`i‡K Av‡jvi ga¨ wb‡q Avmj|

Before Islam the Arabs were a barbarous people who worshipped idols of their own making, believed warfare and bloodshed to be virtuous and were even capable of killing their own children.

Bmjvgcye© Avieevmxiv wQj Ávbnxb hviv wb‡R‡`i B”QvgZ wKQy Av`k© ‰Zix K‡i wb‡qwQj, hvi wek¦vm wQj hy× I i³cvZ hv Zviv Lye fvj g‡b KiZ GgbwK Zviv Zv‡`i wkï‡`i‡KI nZ¨v KiZ|

However, through Islam they learned humanity, respect, love, compassion, justice and civilisation. Not only the Arabs but all the communities which accepted Islam escaped the darkness of the age of ignorance and were illuminated by the divine wisdom of the Qur’an.

Zvivci, Bmjvg Zv‡`i‡K wkwL‡q‡Q gvbeZv, m¤§vb,fvjevmv, mvgvwRKZv, b¨vq I bvMwiKZv BZ¨vw`| ïay AvieB bq, Ab¨vb¨ †Mvôx hviv Bmjvg‡K MÖnY K‡iwQj, Zv‡`i‡K KziAv‡bi Av‡jvi gva¨‡g AÜKvi I AÁvbZv †_‡K `y‡i mwi‡q Áv‡bi Av‡jv‡Z Av‡jvwKZ K‡iwQj Bmjvg |

Amongst the wisdom the Qur’an brought people was scientific thinking.

GgbwK KziAv‡bi iv‡R¨i †jvKRb‡K weÁv‡bi wel‡qI wPš—v Ki‡Z wkwL‡qwQj|

A CONCEPT OF SCIENCE BASED ON THE QUR’AN

KziAvÕ‡b weÁv‡bi aviYv

The foundation of scientific thought is the sense of curiosity. Because people wonder how the universe and nature work, they investigate and become interested in science. But most people lack this curiosity. For them, the important things are not the secrets of the universe and nature but their own small worldly profits and pleasures. In communities where people who think in this way are in charge, science does not develop. Idleness and ignorance rule.

weÁvb M‡o D‡V‡Q †KŠZzn‡ji Dci| KviY †jvKRb Rvb‡Z Pvq, wKfv‡e wek¦-cÖK…wZ KvR K‡i, Zviv wewb‡qvM K‡i Ges weÁv‡bi cÖwZ ‡KŠZznjx n‡q  I‡V| wKš‘ †ekxifvM †jv‡Ki †KŠZzn‡ji Afve| Zv‡`i Kv‡Q wek¦-cÖK…wZi †Mvcb welq ¸i“Z¡cyY© bq, wKš‘ Zv‡`i †QvÆ we‡k¦i †`qv myL-myweavB †ekx ¸i“Z¡c~Y©|  GKwU RvwZi ga¨ †h wPš—v K‡i †h me wKQy †Rvi K‡i Ki‡e, weÁvb †mLv‡b DbœZ nq bv| †mLv‡b AjmZv I AÁvbZv evmv ev‡a|

The Arab community before the Qur’an was of this type. But the verses of the Qur’an called upon them to think, to investigate and to use their minds, perhaps for the first time in their lives.

Avie RvwZ KziAvb bvwR‡ji Av‡M G ai‡Yi wQj| Dciš‘ KziAv‡bi evYx Zv‡`i‡K wPš—v Ki‡Z, gb‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z, cvi‡j mevi Av‡M Zv‡`i Rxe‡bi Dci M‡elYv Ki‡Z ejj|

In one of the first revealed verses of the Qur’an, God drew the attention of the Arabs to the camel, a part of their everyday lives:

Ggb GK cÖ_g wb‡`©kbv Avj KyiAv‡bi evYxi, Avj­vn& Zv‡`i‡K Zv‡`i D‡Ui w`‡K j¶¨ Ki‡Z ejj  hv Zv‡`i ‰`bw›`b Rxe‡bi GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ask|

Have they not looked at the camel—how it was created?

and at the sky—how it was raised up?

and at the mountains—how they were embedded?

and at the earth—how it is spread out?

So remind them! You are only a reminder.

(Qur’an, 88: 17-21)

17- Zviv wK j¶¨ K‡ibv Zv‡`i D‡Ui w`‡K- †Kgb K‡i Zv‡K m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q?

18- Avi AvKv‡ki w`‡K- †Kgb K‡i Zv‡K D”P Kiv  n‡q‡Q?

19-Ges ce©Zmg~‡ni w`‡K- wKfv‡e Zv ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q?

20- Ges c„w_exi w`‡K- wKfv‡e Zv‡K mgZj Kiv n‡q‡Q?

21- AZGe Avcwb Dc‡`k w`b- Avcwb †Zv †Kej GKRb mZK©Kvix gvÎ|

                                                                                                   (myiv- Avj Mvwkqvn: AvqvZ-17-21)

In many other verses of the Qur’an people are instructed to examine nature and learn from it because people can know God only by examining His creations. Because of this, in one verse of the Qur’an Muslims are defined as people who think about the creation of the heavens and the earth:

G iKg A‡bK Avqv‡Z †jvKRb‡K wb‡`©k †`qv n‡q‡Q cÖK…wZi welq wb‡q M‡elYv Kivi Rb¨ KviY gvb~l Avj­vni m„wó‡KB M‡elYv K‡i Avj­vn iveŸ~j AvÕjvgxb †K wPb‡Z cvi‡e| Zvi KviY n‡”Q †KviAv‡bi AvqvZ Abyhvqx, gymwjg Zv‡`i‡KB ejv n‡q‡Q hviv  Avj­vni m„ó  RvbœvZ I c„w_ex wb‡q M‡elYv K‡i|

Those who remember God, standing, sitting and lying on their sides, and reflect on the creation of the heavens and the earth (saying): “Our Lord, You have not created this for nothing. Glory be to You! So safeguard us from the punishment of the Fire.” (Qur’an, 3: 191)

huviv `uvwo‡q, e‡m I kvwqZ Ae¯’vq Avj­vn& †K ¯§iY K‡i Ges wPš—v-M‡elYv K‡i Avmgvb I Rwg‡bi wel‡q, (Zuviv e‡j) †n Avgv‡`i ie, Gme Zzwg Ab_©K m„wó Kiwb| mKj cweÎZv †ZvgviB, Avgv‡`i‡K Zzwg †`vh‡Li kvw¯— †_‡K euvPvI| ( myiv- Av‡jBgivb: AvqvZ-191)

As a result of this, for a Muslim, taking an interest in science is a very important form of worship. In many verses of the Qur’an, God instructs Muslims to investigate the heavens, the earth, living things or their own existence and think about them. When we look at the verses, we find indications of all the main branches of science in the Qur’an.

hvi d‡j, GKRb gymwj‡gi Rb¨ weÁvb wel‡q Ávb AvniY Kiv LyeB ¸i“Z¡cyY©| KziAvb Gi A‡bK Avqv‡Zi wfZi Avj­vn iveŸyj AvÕjvgxb gymwjg‡`i †K RvbœvZ, c„w_ex, Rxe‡bvcKiY A_ev Zv‡`i Pjgvb Rxeb wb‡q wPš—v I M‡elYv Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb| Avgiv hLb GB Avqv‡Zi w`‡K ZvKvB, Avj-KziAv‡bi ga¨  Avgiv weÁv‡bi mKj kvLvi e¨vcv‡i wb‡`©kbv cvB |

For example, in the Qur’an, God encourages the science of astronomy like this:

D`vnviY¯^i“c, Avj­vn iveŸyj AvÕjvgxb gnvKv‡ki welq wb‡q Avj KziAv‡b DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Qb, ‡hgb:

He who created the seven heavens in layers.You will not find any flaw in the creation of the All-Merciful. Look again—do you see any gaps? (Qur’an, 67: 3)

wZwb ¯—‡i ¯—‡i m„wó K‡i‡Qb mßvKvk| Zzwg Ki“Yvgq Avj­vni m„wó‡Z †Kvb Zdvr †`L‡Z cv‡e bv| Zzwg Avevi `„wó †divI; †Kvb LyZ †`L‡Z cvI wK? ( myiv Avj-gyjK: AvqvZ-03)

In another verse of the Qur’an, God encourages the investigation of astronomy and the composition of the earth, that is the science of geology, like this:

Avj-KziAv‡bi Ab¨ Avqv‡Z gnvb iveŸyj AvÕjvgxb gnvKvk, c„w_exi MVb, f~-weÁvb BZ¨vw` mg‡Ü  M‡elYv Ki‡Z Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|

Do they not look at the sky above them? How We have made it and adorned it, and there are no flaws in it? And the earth- We have spread it out, and set thereon mountains standing firm, and produced therein every kind of beautiful growth (in pairs)—To be observed and commemorated by every devotee turning (to God). (Qur’an, 50: 6-8)

তারা কি তাদের উপরস্থিত আকাশের পানে দৃষ্টিপাত করে না আমি কিভাবে তা নির্মাণ করেছি এবং সুশোভিত করেছি? তাতে কোন ছিদ্রও নেই|  আমি ভূমিকে বিস্তৃত করেছি, তাতে পর্বতমালার ভার স্থাপন করেছি এবং তাতে সর্বপ্রকার নয়নাভিরাম উদ্ভিদ উদগত করেছি|  এটা জ্ঞান আহরণ ও স্মরণ করার মত ব্যাপার প্রত্যেক অনুরাগী বান্দার জন্যে|  myiv Avj-K¡vd ( AvqvZ-6-8)

In the Qur’an, God also encourages the study of botany:

GB gnvMÖš’ KziAv‡b Avj­vn Dw™¢` mg‡ÜI M‡elbv Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Qb:

It is He Who sends down water from the sky from which We bring forth growth of every kind, and from that We bring forth the green shoots and from them We bring forth close-packed seeds, and from the spathes of the date palm date clusters hanging down, and gardens of grapes and olives and pomegranates, both similar and dissimilar. Look at their fruits as they bear fruit and ripen. There are Signs in that for people who believe. (Qur’an, 6: 99)

তিনিই আকাশ থেকে পানি বর্ষণ করেছেন অতঃপর আমি এর দ্বারা সর্বপ্রকার উদ্ভিদ উrপন্ন করেছি, অতঃপর আমি এ থেকে সবুজ ফসল নির্গত করেছি, যা থেকে যুগ্ম বীজ উrপন্ন  করি| খেজুরের কাঁদি থেকে গুচ্ছ বের করি, যা নুয়ে থাকে এবং আঙ্গুরের বাগান, যয়তুন, আনার পরস্পর সাদৃশ্যযুক্ত এবং সাদৃশ্যহীন| বিভিন্ন গাছের ফলের প্রতি লক্ষ্য কর যখন সেুগুলো ফলন্ত হয় এবং তার পরিপক্কতার প্রতি লক্ষ্য কর| নিশ্চয় এ গুলোতে নিদর্শন রয়েছে ঈমানদারদের জন্যে|  

In another verse of the Qur’an, God draws attention to zoology:

KziAv‡bi Ab¨Î  Avj­vn Dw™¢` mg‡ÜI M‡elbv Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Qb:

You have a lesson in livestock... (Qur’an, 16:66)

তোমাদের জন্যে চতুস্পদ জন্তুদের মধ্যে চিন্তা করার অবকাশ রয়েছে| আমি তোমাদেরকে পান করাই তাদের উদরস্থিত বস্তুসমুহের মধ্যে থেকে গোবর ও রক্ত নিঃসৃত দুগ্ধ যা পানকারীদের জন্যে উপাদেয়|  

Here is a Qur’anic verse about the sciences of archaeology and anthropology:

GLv‡b KziAv‡bi AvqvZ KxU-cZ½ I wbg©vb †KŠkj  weÁvb wb‡q M‡elYv Ki‡Z e‡j‡Q:

Have they not travelled in the earth and seen the final fate of those before them? (Qur’an, 30: 9)

তারা কি পৃথিবীতে ভ্রমণ করে না অতঃপর দেখে না যে; তাদের পূর্ববর্তীদের পরিণাম কি কি হয়েছে? তারা তাদের চাইতে শক্তিশালী ছিল, তারা যমীন চাষ করত এবং তাদের চাইতে বেশী আবাদ করত| তাদের কাছে তাদের রসূলগণ সুস্পষ্ট নির্দেশ নিয়ে এসেছিল| বস্তুতঃ আল্লাহ তাদের প্রতি জুলুমকারী ছিলেন না| কিন্তু তারা নিজেরাই নিজেদের প্রতি জুলুম করেছিল|

In another verse of the Qur’an, God draws attention to the proof of God in a person’s own body and spirit:

AbÎ, Avj­vn wb‡R‡K cÖgvwYZ K‡i‡Qb cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wb‡Ri kixi I AvZ¡v †K wb‡q M‡elYv Ki‡Z e‡j|

There are certainly Signs in the earth for people with certainty; and in yourselves as well. Do you not then see? (Qur’an, 51: 20-21)

বিশ্বাসকারীদের জন্যে পৃথিবীতে নিদর্শনাবলী রয়েছে,  এবং তোমাদের নিজেদের মধ্যেও, তোমরা কি অনুধাবন করবে না?

As we can see, God recommends all the sciences to Muslims in the Qur’an. Because of this the growth of Islam in history meant at the same time the growth of scientific knowledge.

Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, Avj­vn wb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Qb mKj weÁv‡bi Drm wn‡m‡e Avj-KziAvb‡K †e‡Q †bIqvi Rb¨ | Zvi KviY n‡”Q Bmjv‡gi mg„w×i  BwZnv‡mi mv‡_ mv‡_ weÁv‡bi mg„w×i BwZnvm I evov‡bvi Rb¨|

SCIENCE IN ISLAMIC HISTORY

Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m weÁvb:

When the Prophet Mohammed, peace be upon him, began to preach Islam, the Arabs were a community of ignorant, superstitious tribes. However, thanks to the light of the Qur’an they were rescued from superstition and began to follow the path of reason. As a result of this, one of the most astonishing developments in world history took place and in a few decades Islam, which emerged from the small town of Medina, spread from Africa to Central Asia. The Arabs, who previously could not even rule a single city in harmony, came to be rulers of a world empire.

hLb nhiZ gynv¤§` (mvj­vj­vû AvÕjvBwn Iqv mvj­vg) Gi Dci kvwš— (Avj-KyiAvb) bvwRj nj Ges wZwb Bmjvg cÖPvi ïi“ Ki‡jb, Avie Rbc` ZLb AÜKv‡i wbgw¾Z wQj, A‰ea KvR wQj Zv‡`i g¾vMZ| hvici ab¨ev` Avj-KziAv‡bi Av‡jv‡K, GUv AÜKvi n‡Z Zv‡`i‡K gy³  K‡iwQj Ges KziAv‡bi c_‡K d‡jv ev †g‡b wb‡qwQj| hvi d‡j GK ¸i“Z¡cyY© Avðh©RbK Aa¨vq c„w_exi BwZnv‡m iwPZ n‡qwQj Ges K‡qK `k‡Ki ga¨ hv Avwefy©Z n‡qwQj †QvÆ gw`bv kni †_‡K Ges hvi wew¯—…wZ N‡UwQj Avwd«Kv †_‡K ga¨ Gwkqv ch©š— | Avieevmx, hviv KLbI GgbwK GKwU †QvÆ kn‡ii AvBb Kvbyb ch©š— RvbZ bv, wek¦ ivR‡Z¡i AvBb MVb K‡iwQj|

In his book The Straight Path, the American expert on Islam Professor John Esposito describes the miraculous aspect of the rise of Islam like this:

Ócij c_Ó eB‡Z GKRb Av‡gwiKvb G·cvU© ev  `¶Zv m¤úbœ Aa¨vcK Rb Bm‡cvmvBU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb wgivKj ev Avðh© RbK avibv hv Bmjv‡gi DbœwZ K‡iwQj, hv n‡”Q:

What is most striking about the early expansion of Islam is its rapidity and success. Western scholars have marveled at it... Within a decade, Arab forces overran the Byzantine and Persian armies... and conquered Iraq, Syria, Palestine, Persia and Egypt... Muslim armies proved to be formidable conquerors and effective rulers, builders rather than destroyers. (John L. Esposito, Islam: The Straight Path, 1998, p. 33)

wK GK Avðh©RbK AvKl©Yxq mij aviYv Bmjv‡gi, hv avivevwnK Ges mdj| cðvZ¨ we`¨vjq ¸‡jv‡Z GUv Avb‡›`i welq... .. ..  hv GK `k‡Ki ga¨ Avie gymwjg †mbvewnbx , evRv›UvBb Ges cviwmqvb †mbvevwnbx ¸‡jv‡K.. .. ..  Ges avivevwnK fv‡e BivK, wmwiqv, c¨v‡j÷vBb/ wdwjw¯’b Ges wgki.. .. ..  G, cÖgvY K‡i‡Q GK Awfbe mvsMVwbK I Kvh©Ki AvBb, aŸs‡mi ci M‡o †Zvjv| ( Rb Gj Bm‡cvmvBU, Bmjvg: w` †÷ªU cv_, 1998, c„-33)

When different peoples, including the Turks, accepted Islam of their own free will, the Islamic empire grew even more and it became the greatest power in the world during that period.

hLb wfbœ †jvKRb, GB c‡_ hy³ n‡q‡Q, Bmjvg‡K MÖnY K‡i‡Q Zviv wb‡R‡`i‡K gy³ g‡b K‡i‡Q| hv  IB mg‡q Bmjvg GKwU kw³kvjx GgbwK we‡k¦ me‡P‡q eo GKwU kw³‡Z cwiYZ n‡qwQj|

One of the most important facets of this empire was that it provided the stage for a scientific development previously unmatched in history. At a time when Europe was living through the Dark Ages, the Islamic world created the greatest legacy of scientific knowledge seen in history to that date. The sciences of medicine, mathematics, geometry, astronomy and even sociology were developed systematically for the first time.

Ab¨ AviI GKwU ¸i“Z¡cyY© welq wQj †h ivRvMY weÁv‡bi DbœwZi Rb¨ Av‡Mi BwZnv‡m Lye GKUv gvbvbmB wQ‡jb bv| G mgq BD‡ivc AÜKvi hy‡M evm KiwQj †h mgq Bmjvgx wek¦ ˆZix K‡iwQj Ávb-weÁv‡bi GK D¾jZg Aa¨v‡qi BwZnvm |

Some commentators try to link this Islamic scientific development to the influence of the Ancient Greeks. But the real source of Islamic science was the experimentation and observations of Muslim scientists. In his book The Middle East, Professor Bernard Lewis, an expert in Middle Eastern history, explains it like this:

wKQy fvl¨Kvi Bmjvgx weÁv‡bi myÎ †LuvRvi †Póv K‡ib Avw`Kv‡ji MÖxK †_‡K| wKš‘ Bmjvgx Ávb weÁv‡bi Avmj myÎ n‡”Q gymwjg weÁvbx‡`i cix¶v I AbymÜvb | ÓwgWj BóÓ eB‡Z Aa¨vcK ‡egvW© jyBm, GKRb `¶ ga¨cÖv‡P¨i BwZnvm we‡klÁ wb‡æv³fv‡e e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb:

The achievement of medieval Islamic science is not limited to the preservation of Greek learning, nor to the incorporation in the corpus of elements from the more ancient and more distant East. This heritage which medieval Islamic scientists handed on to the modern world was immensely enriched by their own efforts and contributions. Greek science, on the whole rather tended to be theoretical. Medieval Middle Eastern science was much more practical, and in such fields as medicine, chemistry, astronomy and agronomy, the classical heritage was clarified and supplemented by the experiments and observations of the medieval Middle East. (Bernard Lewis, The Middle East, 1998, p. 266)

ga¨hyMxq Bmjvgx weÁv‡bi AR©b ïaygvÎ MÖxK `k©b ‡_‡KB bq, GgbwK bq AmvsMVwbK `ywb©wZ civqb †Kvb Dcv`vb hv Avw`hyM Ges AviI cye©‡_‡K P‡j G‡m‡Q| GB ivRZ¡ hv ga¨hy‡Mi Bmjvgx weÁvbMY avivevwnK fv‡e Zv‡`i wbR¯^ Dcv`vb I Ae`vb Øviv n¯—vš—i K‡iwQj AvaywbK wek¦‡Z i“cvš—i Ki‡Z | MÖxK weÁvb, hvi cy‡ivUvB wQj ZvwZ¡K, ga¨cÖvwP¨q weÁvb hvi †ewki fvMB wQj KvwiMix Ges Gi †¶Î wQj Jla, imvqb, gnvKvk weÁvb I K…wl weÁvb, hv AZ¨vaywbK I Pjgvb ivRZ¡‡K wbivc` I mvnvh¨Kvix i“‡c ˆZix K‡iwQj cix¶v I M‡elYv Øviv ga¨cÖvP¨‡K| (†egvW© jyBm, Ó `¨v wgWj BóÓ 1998, c„-266)

The secret was the scientific and mental discipline taught by the Qur’an to Muslim scientists. The lines written by a Muslim scientist of that period in his private diary strikingly demonstrate how much alive the Qur’an-based concept of science was:

`¨v wm‡µUÕ ev †Mvcbxq ‰eÁvwbK I gvbwmK wbqgvbyewZ©Zv gymwjg weÁvbx‡`i Rb¨ Avj KyiAv‡b e‡j †`qv n‡q‡Q | GB csw³wU H mg‡q ‡jLv n‡qwQj GKRb gymwjg weÁvbx Øviv hLb cÖvB‡fU ev wbR¯^ Wv‡qix‡Z e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡qwQj ‡h KZ †ekx  Rxeb m¤ú‡K© avibv KziAvb‡K wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡VwQjt

Then for a year and half, I devoted myself to study. I resumed the study of logic and all parts of philosophy. During this time I never slept the whole night through and did nothing but study all day long. Whenever I was puzzled by a problem... I would go to the mosque, pray, and beg the Creator of All to reveal me that which was hidden from me and make it easy for me that which was difficult. Then at night I would return home, put a lamp in front of me, and set to work reading and writing... I went on like this until I was firmly grounded in all sciences and mastered them as far as humanly possible. (John L. Esposito, Islam: The Straight Path, 1998, p. 54)

GK ermi Ges AviI 6 gv‡mi Rb¨ Avwg Avgv‡K covïbvq wb‡qvwRZ †i‡LwQjvg| Avwg Avgvi `k©b I hyw³i mKj Ask cybivq we‡k­lY Kiv ïi“ K‡iwQjvg| H mgq Avwg gv‡S gv‡S mviv ivZ  bv Nygy‡Z cviZvg Ges bv wKQy Ki‡Z cviZvg covïbv Qvov hv mvivw`b fi PjZ| hLb Avwg GKwU cvRj ev mgm¨v wb‡q fveZvg.. .. ..   Avwg gmwR‡` †hZvg, cÖv_©bv KiZvg Ges m„wóKZ©vi Kv‡Q mvnvh¨ Kvgbv KiZvg †h Avgv‡K mewKQy Rvbvi ¶gZv `vI hv Avwg †`wL I hv Avgvi Kv‡Q †Mvcb I hv Avgvi Kv‡Q RwUj ev eyS‡Z mgm¨v nq| Zvici GK iv‡Î Avwg Avgvi evwo wd‡i Gjvg, GKwU cÖ`xc Avgvi mvg‡b `vov Kivjvg Ges ‡jLv I covi Kv‡R †b‡g cijvg| Avwg H ch©š— wM‡qwQjvg ‡h ch©š— bv Avwg weÁv‡bi mKj wfwË †c‡qwQjvg Ges GKRb gvbyl wn‡m‡e hZUzKz m¤¢e Pzovš— K‡iwQjvg |

Andalusia, where most Muslim scientists were born and raised, became a major centre of innovation and development especially in medicine.

Av›`vjywmqv, †hLv‡b †ewkifvM gymwjg weÁvbx Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb I †e‡o D‡VwQ‡jb,Zviv Jl‡ai D™¢veb I DbœwZi Rb¨ GK ¸i“Z¡cyY© †K›`ª wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ n‡qwQ‡jb |

Muslim physicians were trained in such varied fields as pharmacology, surgery, ophthalmology, gynecology, physiology, bacteriology and hygiene and they made important discoveries which laid the foundations of modern science. Here are some of them:

Gymwjg wdwRwkqvb hviv wk¶v MÖnY KiZ wewfbœ wefv‡M †hgb dvg©v‡KvjwR ev Jla cÖ¯‘Z cÖYvjx, mvR©vix ev kj¨ wPwKrmv, P¶zwPwKrmv, MvB‡bvKjwR, wdwRIjwR ev kixiwe`¨v, e¨vK‡UwiIjwR ev Rxevbywe`¨v Ges ¯^v¯’¨weÁvb Ges Zviv M‡owQ‡jb ¸i“Z¡cyY©  GK RMr hv AvaywbK weÁv‡bi wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| wKQy D`vnviY wb‡æ †`Iqv †Mjt

Ibn Juljul

Be‡b RyjRyj

Medicinal herbs

Abu Ja'far Ibn al-Jazzar

Avey Rvdi Be‡b Avj- Rv¾vi

Medicine

Jla

Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi

Ave` Avj-jwZd Avj evM`v`x

Anatomy

GbvUwg ev kixi we`¨v

Ibn Sina

Avey Avjx Be‡b wmbv

Anatomy

GbvUwg ev kixi we`¨v

Zakariya Qazwini

hvKvwiqv †Kvqvwhwb

Heart and brain

ÜrwcÛ I gw¯—®‹ ev †eªBb

Hamdullah al-Mustaufi al-Qazwini

nvgv`yj­vn Avj gy¯—vDwd Avj- Kyqvwhwb

Anatomy

GbvUwg ev kixi we`¨v

Ibn al-Nafis

Be‡b Avb& bvwdm

Anatomy

GbvUwg ev kixi we`¨v

Ali bin Isa

Avjx Be‡b Bmv

The anatomy of the eye

P¶z welqK kixi we`¨v

Biruni

Avj& †ei“bx

Astronomy

gnvKvkwe`¨v

Ali Kushchu

Avjx Kz”Qyû

Astronomy

gnvKvkwe`¨v

Thabit ibn Qurrah

_vweZ Be‡b Kziivn

Mathematics

MwYZ

Battani

Avj-evËvwb

Mathematics

MwYZ

Ibn al-Haitham

Be‡b nvBmvg

Optics

Av‡jvKwe`¨v

Al-Kindi

AvjwK›`x

Physics

c`v_©we`¨v

This advanced scientific culture of the Islamic world paved the way for the Western Renaissance. Muslim scientists acted in the knowledge that their investigation of God’s creation was a path through which they could get to know Him. With the transfer of this mentality to the Western world, the advance of the West began.

Bmjvgx we‡k¦i GB AMÖMvgx ‰eÁvbxK ms¯‹…wZ bZzb K‡i c_ ‡`wL‡q‡Q cvðvZ¨ mf¨Zv‡K | gymwjg weÁvbxMY KvR Ki‡Zb wb‡R‡`i Áv‡bi I M‡elYvi Dci wfwË K‡i  hv  Avj­vn m„wó K‡i‡Qb  Zv Rvb‡Z wM‡q|  cðvZ¨ mgv‡R G  gb-gvbwmKZv cÖ`vb Kivi d‡j cðvZ¨iv bZzb K‡i ïi“ K‡i| 

THE BIRTH OF SCIENCE IN THE WEST

cðv‡Z¨ weÁv‡bi Rb¥

Mediaeval Europe was ruled by the dogmatic regime of the Catholic Church. The Church opposed freedom of thought and pressured scientists.

ga¨hyMxq BD‡ivc PjwQj K¨v_vwjK Pv‡P©i GK”QÎ GK¸‡qgx kvmb| PvP© wQj ¯^vaxb gZvg‡Zi wec‡¶ I weÁvbx‡`i Pv‡c ivLvi c‡¶|

People could be punished by the Inquisition simply for holding different beliefs or ideas. Their books were burned and they themselves were executed.

‡jvKRb kvw¯— ‡cZ mvgvb¨ bvg gvÎ Z`‡š— hw` Zviv wfbœgZ ev Av`k© †cvlY KiZ| Zv‡`i eB¸‡jv cy‡o †djv n‡Zv Ges Zv‡`i‡K ¶gvi A‡hvM¨ †NvlYv Kiv n‡Zv|

The pressure on research in the Middle Ages is often referred to in history books, but some interpret the situation wrongly and claim that the scientists who clashed with the Church were against religion.

ga¨hy‡Mi G Pv‡ci BwZnvm cÖvqB BwZnvm eB¸‡jv‡Z cvIqv hvq, wKš— H mg‡qi wKQy e¨vL¨v fyjfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq Ges `vex Kiv nq, PvP© Øviv †h weÁvbx kvw¯—cÖvß wQj †m wQj a‡g©i wec‡¶|

The truth is the exact opposite—the scientists who opposed the bigotry of the church were religious believers. They were not against religion but against Church dogma.

mZ¨ n‡”Q wecixZ-†h weÁvbx Pv‡P©i wec‡¶ c¶cvwZZ¡ KiZ Zviv Avm‡j ag©‡K wek¦vm KiZ| Zviv Avm‡j a‡g©i wec‡¶ wQjbv wQj Pv‡P©i GK¸‡qgxi wec‡¶|

For example, the famous astronomer Galileo, whom the Church wanted to punish because he stated that the world rotated, said, “I render infinite thanks to God for being so kind as to make me alone the first observer of marvels kept hidden in obscurity for all previous centuries.” (Galileo Galilei, quoted in: Mike Wilson, “The Foolishness of the Cross,” Focus Magazine)

D`vnviY¯^i“c, weL¨vZ gnvKvkweÁvbx M¨vwjwjI, hv‡K PvP© kvw¯— w`‡Z †P‡qwQj  Óc„w_ex Nyi‡QÓ  ejvi Kvi‡Y, e‡jwQj  ÓAvwg Amxg ¶gZvkvjx Ck¦i‡K ab¨ev` w`w”Q †h wZwb Avgv‡K GKv m„wó K‡i‡Qb †h cÖ_g M‡elYvKvix hv A`„k¨ ev †Mvcb wQj cy‡e©i mKj kZ‡K|Ó  ( M¨vwjwjI M¨vwjwj, - gvBK DBjmb, Ó`¨v dzwjm‡bm Ae `¨v µmÓ, †dvKvm g¨vMvwRb)

The other scientists who established modern science were all religious.

Avi GK weÁvbx whwb AvaywbK weÁvb‡K mKj avwg©K‡`i  Dci cÖwZôv K‡i‡Qb:

Kepler, regarded as the founder of modern astronomy, told those who asked him why he busied himself with science, “I had the intention of becoming a theologian... but now I see how God is, by my endeavors, also glorified in astronomy, for 'heavens declare the glory of God'". (Johannes Kepler, quoted in: J.H. Tiner, Johannes Kepler-Giant of Faith and Science (Milford, Michigan: Mott Media, 1977), p. 197)

 †Kcjvi, AvaywbK gnvKvk weÁv‡bi  dvDÛvi ev wcZv, e‡jwQj Zv‡K wR‡Ám Kivq †h †Kb wZwb  wb‡R‡K weÁv‡bi mv‡_ hy³ K‡i‡Qb: Avgvi j¶ wQj GKwU ZZ¡ ïi“ Kiv.. .. ..  wKš‘ GLb Avwg Avgvi Kvh©µg Øviv †`‡LwQ Ck¦i wKfv‡e my-mw¾Z gnvKv‡k n¨v‡fb ev †e‡nkZ  m„wó K‡i‡Qb hv †NvlYv Ki‡Q Ck¦‡ii gwngv|Ó ( Rb †Kcjvi,- †R GBP UvBbvi, Rb †Kcjvi-Rvqv›U Ae †dB_ GÛ mvBÝ ( wgj‡dvW©, wgwkMvb: gË wgwWqv, 1977, ) wc-197.

As for Newton, one of the greatest scientists in history, he explained the reason underlying his zeal for scientific endeavour by saying: “...He (God) is eternal and infinite, omnipotent and omniscient; that is, his duration reaches from eternity to eternity; his presence from infinity to infinity; he governs all things, and knows all things that are or can be done. …We know him only by his most wise and excellent contrivances of things... [W]e reverence and adore him as his servants…” (Sir Isaac Newton, Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, Translated by Andrew Motte, Revised by Florian Cajore, Great Books of the Western World 34, Robert Maynard Hutchins, Editor in chief, William Benton, Chicago, 1952:273-74)

wbDUb, BwZnv‡mi weL¨vZ weÁvbx‡`i ga¨ Ab¨Zg, Zvi wcÖq wKQy ‰eÁvwbK Kvh©µ‡gi  KviY e¨vL¨v K‡iwQj wb‡æv³ K_v¸wji Øviv: Ó wZwb (Ck¦i) A‡kl Ges Amxg, me©-¶gZv Ges Áv‡bi AaxKvix, hv n‡”Q, Zvi mgqKvj Amxg †_‡K Amx‡g cÖ‡ek K‡i| Zuvi Ae¯’vb memgq me©e¨vcx, wZwb mewKQyi wbqš¿bKvix Ges mKjwKQy Rv‡bb hv n‡e ev n‡”Q.. .. ..  Avgiv Zuv‡K Rvwb ïaygvÎ Zuvi m‡e©v”P Ávbx Ges PgrKvi me m„wó †_‡K.. .. .. m¤§vb Kwi ev N„Yv Kwi Zuvi ev›`v ev PvKi wn‡m‡e.. .. .. Ó ( m¨vi AvBR¨vK wbDUb, g¨v_‡gwUK¨vj wcÖwÝcvj Ae b¨vPvivj wd‡jvmwd, - evB GÛªy gwÆ, wifvBm evB †d¬vwib KvRi, †MÖU eyK Ae wU I‡q÷vb© Iqvì© 34, ievU© g¨vbvW© ûUwPbm, GwWUi Bb wPd, DBwjqvg ‡ebUb, wkKv‡Mv, 1952:273-73)

The great genius Pascal, the father of modern mathematics, said that: “But by faith we know His (God’s) existence; in glory we shall know His nature.” (Blaise Pascal, Pensees, No. 233)

‡MÖ‡U÷ wRwbqvm ev gnvÁvbx c¨vm‡Kj, hv‡K AvaywbK MwY‡Zi wcZv ejv nq, e‡jwQj: Ó wKš‘ wek¦v‡mi Øviv Avgiv Rvwb wZwb (Ck¦i) Awebk¦i A‡kl| Zvi D¾j¨ ev gwngv Avgviv Zvi  m„ó cÖK…wZ †_‡K cvB|Ó (†e­Bm c¨vm‡Kj, †cbwmm, bs.223 )

Von Helmont, one of the leading figures in modern chemistry and the inventor of the thermometer, declared that science was a part of faith.

 fb †njg›U, AvaywbK imvq‡bi Ab¨Zg cw_K…r Ges _v‡g©vwgUvi bvgK h‡š¿i Avwe¯^viK †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb †h  weÁvb n‡”Q wek¦v‡mi GKwU Ask|

George Cuvier, the founder of modern paleontology, regarded fossils as surviving proofs of the Creation and taught that living species had been created by God.

RR© KzBfvi, AvaywbK c¨vwjI›UjwRi ev dwmjwe`¨vi dvDÛvi ev RbK, GK dwmj‡K m¤§vb K‡iwQ‡jb Zvi Avðh©RbK `¶Zvi mv‡_ ˆZixi cÖgvY †`‡L Ges hv ‰Zix n‡qwQj Avj­vni Øviv|  

Carl Linnaeus, who first systematized scientific classification, believed in the Creation and stated that the natural order was a significant proof of God’s existence.

Kvj© wjbœvm, whwb me©cÖ_g c×wZMZfv‡e †kªbx wefvM K‡iwQ‡jb, wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h m„wó Ges hv w¯’wZ cÖvK…wZK Av‡`‡k ˆZix Zv gnvb iveŸyj AvÕjvgx‡bi Amxg ¶gZvi cÖgvY.

Gregor Mendel, the founder of genetics, and also a monk, believed in Creation and opposed the evolutionary theories of his time, such as Darwinism and Lamarckism.

‡MÖMi †Rvnvb †g‡Ûj, †R‡bwUK ev eskMwZ we`¨vi RbK Ges GKRb cv`ªxI, wek¦vm Ki‡Zb m„wó Ges wecixZ fv‡e i“cvš—‡ii ZZ¡ Zvi mg‡q, hv wQj WviDBb Ges  †jgvwK©Rg ZZ¡ |

Louis Pasteur, the greatest name in the history of microbiology, proved that life could not be created in inert matter and taught that life was a miracle of God.

jyBm cv¯‘i,  gvB‡µvev‡qvjwRi Rb¨ BwZnvm L¨vZ bvg, cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb †h Rxeb KLbI w¯’wZ e¯‘ ˆZix Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges Rxeb n‡”Q Avj­vn iveŸyj AvÕjvgx‡bi wgivKj ev Avðh© m„wó|

The famous German physicist Max Planck said that the Creator of the universe  was God and stressed that faith was a necessary quality of scientists.

weL¨vZ Rvg©vb c`v_©we` g¨v· c­¨v¼ e‡jwQj †h GB gnvwe‡k¦i m„wóKZ© gnvgwngq Avj­vn Ges cÖKvk K‡i †h wek¦vm weÁv‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq Ask|

Albert Einstein, regarded as the most important scientist of the twentieth century, believed that science could not be godless and said, “science without religion is lame.”

AvjevU© AvBbóvBb, wesk kZvãxi AwaK m¤§vwbZ ‰eÁvwbK wn‡m‡e whwb L¨vZ wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h weÁvb KLbI Ck¦i Qvov wQjbv Ges AviI e‡jb Ó ag© Qvov weÁvb AÜÓ|

A large number of other scientists who guided scientific history were religious people who believed in God.

ˆeÁvbxK BwZnv‡m avwg©K I Avj­vn‡Z wek¦vm Ki‡Zb Ggb weÁvbx‡`i GKwU wekvj ZvwjKv wb‡æ †`qv njt 

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Arts, engineering, architecture

wjIbv‡`©v `¨v wfw ( 1452-1519), Pvi“Kjv, hš¿‡KŠkj, wbg©vY‡KŠkj.

Georgius Agricola (1494-1555) Mineralogy

RwR©qvm G¨vwMÖKjv (1494-1555), LwbRweÁvb

John Wilkins (1614-1672) Astronomy and mechanics

Rb DBwj¼m (1614-1672), gnvKvk I KvixMix we`¨v

Isaac Barrow (1630-1677) Professor of Mathematics

AvBR¨vK eviiI (1630-1677), MwYZ we`¨vi Aa¨vcK

Nicolas Steno (1631-1686) Stratigraphy

wb‡Kvjvm †ó‡bv (1631-1686) ‡KŠkjweÁvb

Thomas Burnet (1635-1715) Geology

_gvm ev‡b©U (1635-1715) f~ ZË¡ weÁvb|

Increase Mather (1639-1723) Astronomy

Bb‡µm g¨v_vi (1639-1723) gnvKvkwe`¨v

Nehemiah Grew (1641-1712) Medicine

wbwnwgqvn wMÖI (1641-1723) Jla weÁvb

William Whiston (1667-1752) Physics, Geology

         DBwjqvg ûBUmb (1667-1752) c`v_©weÁvb, f~ ZË¡ weÁvb

John Hutchinson (1674-1737) Paleontology

Rb ûUwPbmb (1674-1737), Rxevk¥ weÁvb

Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) Physics, Meteorology

‡hvbv_b GWIqvW©m ( 1703-1758), c`v_©weÁvb, AvenvIqvweÁvb

Richard Kirwan (1733-1812) Mineralogy

wiPvW© wKiIqvb (1733-1812) LwbRweÁvb

James Parkinson (1755-1824) Medicine

‡Rgm cvwK©bmb (1755-1824) Jla weÁvb

William Kirby (1759-1850) Entomology (The study of insects)

DBwjqvg wKiwe (1759-1850) KxU-cZs&M weÁvb

Benjamin Barton (1766-1815) Botany, Zoology

‡ebRvwgb evU©b (1766-1815) Dw™¢` weÁvb, cÖvYx weÁvb

John Dalton (1766-1844) The founder of the modern atomic theory

Rb Wvëb (1766-1844) AvaywbK AvbweK Z‡Ë¡i RbK

Charles Bell (1774-1842) Anatomy

Pvj©m †ej (1774-1842) K¼vjZš¿

John Kidd (1775-1851) Chemistry

Rb wKW ( 1775-1851) imvqb weÁvb

Johann Gauss (1777-1855) Geometry, geology, magnetism, astronomy

Rb MvDm (1777-1855) R¨vwgwZ weÁvb, f~ ZË¡ -weÁvb, †PŠ¤^Kxq weÁvb, gnvKvkweÁvb

Benjamin Silliman (1779-1864) Mineralogy

‡ebRvwgb wmwjgvb (1779-1864), LwbRweÁvb

Peter Mark Roget (1779-1869) Physiology

wcUvi gvK© i‡RU (1779-1869), kixi weÁvb

William Buckland (1784-1856) Geology

DBwjqvg evKj¨vÛ (1784-1856) f~ ZË¡ -weÁvb

William Prout (1785-1850) Chemistry

DBwjqvg †cÖvU (1785-1850) imvqb weÁvb

Edward Hitchcock (1793-1864) Geology

GWIqvW© wnUPKK (1793-1864) f~ ZË¡ -weÁvb

William Whewell (1794-1866) Astronomy and Physics

DBwjqvg wn‡qj (1794-1866) gnvKvk I c`v_© weÁvb

Richard Owen (1804-1892) Zoology, Paleontology

wiPvW© I‡fb (1804-1892), cÖvYx weÁvb, Rxevk¥ weÁvb

Matthew Maury (1806-1873) Oceanography, Hydrograph

G¨v_y †gŠix (1806-1873) mgy`ª weÁvb, Rjgvb weÁvb

Henry Rogers (1808-1866) Geology

‡nbwi iRvm© (1808-1866) f~ ZË¡ weÁvb

James Glaisher (1809-1903) Meteorology

‡Rgm M¨vwjmvi (1809-1903) AvenvIqvweÁvb

Philip H. Gosse (1810-1888) Ornithology (the study of birds), Zoology

wdwjc GBP †Mvm (1810-1888) cvLx weÁvb, cÖvYx weÁvb

Sir Henry Rawlinson (1810-1895) Archaeology

m¨vi †nbwi iBjmb(1810-1895) wbg©vb‡KŠkjweÁvb

John Ambrose Fleming (1849-1945) Electronics

Rb G‡¤^ªvm †d¬wgs ( 1849-1945) B‡j±ªwb·

Sir Joseph Henry Gilbert (1817-1901) Agricultural Chemistry

M¨vi †Rv‡md †nbwi wMjevU© (1817-1901) K…wl imvqb

Thomas Anderson (1819-1874) Chemistry

_gvm GÛvm©b (1819-1874) imvqb weÁvb

Charles P. Smyth (1819-1900) Astronomy

Pvj©m wc. w¯§_ (1819-1900) gnvKvk weÁvb

John W. Dawson (1820-1899) Geology

Rb Wwe­I Wmb (1820-1899) f~ ZË¡ -weÁvb

Henri Fabre (1823-1915) Entomology

‡nubwi dvweª (1823-1915)

Bernhard Riemann (1826-1866) Geometry

‡eb©nvW ivBgvb (1826-1866) fy-weÁvb

Joseph Lister (1827-1912) Surgery

‡hv‡md wj÷vi (1827-1912) kj¨ weÁvb

John Bell Pettigrew (1834-1908) Anatomy, Physiology

Rb †ej wcwÆwMÖI ( 1834-1908) K¼vj weÁvb, kixi weÁvb

Balfour Stewart (1828-1887) Ionospheric electricity

‡ej‡dvi ózqvU© (1828-1887)

P.G.Tait (1831-1901) Physics, Mathematics

wc. wR ‡UBU (1831-1901) c`v_©, MwYZ weÁvb

Edward William Morley (1838-1923) Nobel leurate in physics

GWIqvW© DBwjqvg giwj (1838-1923) c`v_©weÁv‡b †bv‡ej cÖvß

Sir William Abney (1843-1920) Astronomy

m¨vi DBwjqvg G¨v‡ewb (1843-1920) gnvKvkweÁvb

A.     MacAlister (1844-1919) Anatomy

G. g¨vK G¨vwj÷vi ( 1844-1919) G¨vbvUgx

A. H. Sayce (1845-1933) Archaeology

G, GBP mvB‡K (1813-1933) wbg©vb‡KŠkjweÁvb

James Dana (1813-1895) Geology

‡Rgm Wvbv (1813-1895) f~ ZË¡ weÁvb|

George Romanes (1848-1894) Biology and Physiology

RR© †ivgvÝ (1848-1894) Rxe weÁvb I kixiweÁvb

William Mitchell Ramsay (1851-1939) Archaeology

DBwjqvg  wgU‡Pj ivg‡m (1851-1939) wbg©vb‡KŠkjweÁvb

William Ramsay (1852-1916) Chemistry

DBwjqvg  ivg‡m (1852-1916) imvqbweÁvb

Howard A.Kelly (1858-1943) Gynaecology

nvIqvW© G †Kjx (1858-1943) MvB‡bvKjwR ev ¯¿x weÁvb

Paul Lemoine (1878-1940) Geology

 Cj wj‡gvBb (1878-1940) f~ ZË¡ weÁvb

Charles Stine (1882-1954) Organic Chemistry

Pvj©m ÷vBb (1882-1954) AiMvwbK imvqb

Rendle Short (1885-1955) Medicine

‡i‡Ûj mU© (1885-1955) Jla weÁvb

L. Merson Davies (1890-1960) Geology, Palaeantology

Gj, †gimb †Wwfm (1890-1960)  f~ ZË¡ weÁvb, Rxevk¥ weÁvb

Sir Cecil P. G. Wakeley (1892-1979) Medicine

M¨vi wmwmwj wc.wR IqvKwj (1892-1979) Jla weÁvb

These scientists all believed in God and served science with the intention of discovering the universe which He had created. As God decreed in the Qur’an, they thought about the creation of the heavens and the earth and investigated in the awareness of God. The birth of science and its development were the result of this awareness.

Dc‡iv³ weÁvbxM‡Yi mevB Avj­vn‡K wek¦vm Ki‡Zb Ges weÁvb PP©v Ki‡Zb wek¦ m„wói inm¨ DrNvU‡bi Rb¨ hv gnvb iveŸyj AvÕjvgxb m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges Avj-KziAv‡b e‡j‡Qb Ó Zviv wPš—v K‡i hv m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q Avmgvb I Rwgb mgy‡n Ges M‡elYv K‡i Avj­vn cÖ`Ë Dcnvi ¯^i“c| weÁv‡bi Rb¥ Ges DbœwZ n‡”Q gnvb Avj­vn cÖ`Ë Dcnvi |

During the nineteenth century, however, this awareness was replaced by a fraud called materialism.

DwbkkZ‡Ki mgq GB Dcnvi `ywb©wZ Øviv cwiewZ©Z n‡q hvq, hvi bvg n‡jv e¯‘ev`|

THE RISE AND FALL OF MATERIALISMK

e¯‘ev‡`i DÌvb I cZb

The nineteenth century was a period which witnessed the greatest errors in human history.

DwbkkZ kZK wQj GKUv mgq hLb gvbe BwZnv‡mi gnv fyj msNwUZ nw”Qj|

These errors began with the imposition on European thought of materialist philosophy, an ancient Greek teaching.

GB f~j ïi“ n‡qwQj BD‡iv‡ci aŸsmKvix wPš—v hvi wfwË wQi e¯‘ev`x wPš—vi Dci Ges cÖvPxb wMÖK `k©‡bi wk¶v †_‡K|

The greatest error of this period was Darwin’s theory of evolution.

gnv-fyjwU wQj H mgq hLb WviDB‡bi weeZ©bev` ZË¡  ïi“ n‡qwQj|

Before the birth of Darwinism, biology was accepted as a branch of science which provided evidence of the existence of God. In his book Natural Theology, the famous biologist William Paley maintained that, “To the extent that every clock proves the existence of a clockmaker, natural designs prove the existence of God.”

WviDBbev‡`i R‡b¥i Av‡M, RxeweÁvb weÁv‡bi Ggb GK kvLv MÖnY K‡iwQj  hv Avj­vni Amxg ¶gZvi Dci cÖwZwôZ wQj| GB eB Ó b¨vPvivj w_IjwRÓ hv‡Z weL¨vZ RxeweÁvbx DBwjqvg c‡jB DׄZ K‡i‡Qb †h, Ó Nwoi cÖ‡ËK Pjgvb KuvUv †NvlYv Ki‡Q Nwo m„wóKvixi Aw¯—Z¡, †Zgwb cÖvK…wZK m„wó †NvlYv Ki‡Q Avj­vni Aw¯—Z¡|Ó

However, Darwin rejected this truth in his theory of evolution. By distorting the truth to fit materialist philosophy, he claimed that all living things were the result of coincidences. In this way he created an artificial separation between religion and science.

ZviciI WviDBb Zvi Z‡Ë¡ GB gnvmZ¨‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| mZ¨‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i wZwb e¯—yev`x `k©b‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Qb, wZwb `vex K‡ib †h mKj RxweZ e¯‘ weeZ©‡bi ga¨w`‡q G‡m‡Q| GB fv‡e wZwb weÁvb I a‡g©i ga¨ GK bKj ev wg_¨v wefvRb m„wó K‡i‡Qb|

In their book The Messianic Legacy, English researchers Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh and Henry Lincoln have this to say on the subject:

Bs‡iR M‡elK wg‡Pj evB‡R›U, wiPvW© we‡M›U, wiPvW© wjM Ges †nbwi wj¼b Zv‡`i Ó `¨v ‡gwmqvwbK wjM¨vwmÓ, eB‡Z G mg‡Ü e‡j‡Qbt

For Isaac Newton, a century and a half before Darwin, science was not separate from religion but, on the contrary, an aspect of religion, and ultimately subservient to it. …But the science of Darwin's time became precisely that, divorcing itself from the context in which it had previously existed and establishing itself as a rival absolute, an alternative repository of meaning. As a result, religion and science were no longer working in concert, but rather stood opposed to each other, and humanity was increasingly forced to choose between them. (Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh, Henry Lincoln, The Messianic Legacy, Gorgi Books, London:1991, p.177-178)

WviDBb  Gi †`okZK cy‡e©i AvBR¨vK wbDU‡bi mgq , weÁvb ag© n‡Z Avjv`v wQj bv, wKš‘ H mgq a‡g©i Pvwn`v wQj Ges Gi A‡bK Bev`ZKvix wQj.. .. ..  wKš‘ WviDB‡bi mgq RwUj †_‡K RwUjZi n‡q ‡Mj hv‡Z cy‡e©i Pjgvb Ges cÖwZwôZ me wg_¨v Ges  G‡Z †hb Ggb wKQy  mZ¨ wn‡m‡e cybtcÖwZôv  n‡jv hv GKwU wecixZ A_©‡evaK fvÛvi| d‡j, ag© Ges weÁvb Avi GKmy‡Î Muv_v iBj bv wKš‘ wecixZ ag©x n‡q iBj Ges gvbe RvwZ  Zv‡`i wei“‡× wbhv©Zb ïi“ Kij| (wg‡Pj evB‡R›U, wiPvW© we‡M›U, wiPvW© wjM Ges †nbwi wj¼b, Ó Ó `¨v ‡gwmqvwbK wjM¨vwmÓ RwR© eyKm, jÛb : 1991, c„. 177-178)

Not only biology, but also branches of sciences such as psychology and sociology were twisted according to materialist philosophy. Astronomy was distorted according to the materialist dogmas of ancient Greece. The new aim of science was to confirm materialist philosophy.

ïaygvÎ Rxe weÁv‡bB bq, weÁv‡bi mKj kvLv we‡kl K‡g g‡bvweÁvb Ges mgvRweÁv‡bI e¯‘ev`x `k©b ¯’vb jvf Kij| gnvKvk weÁv‡b cÖvPxb wMÖ‡mi e¯‘ev`x `k©b ¯’vb K‡i wbj | e¯‘ev`x `k©‡bi cÖwZôv bZzb GB weÁv‡bi j¶ wn‡m‡e w¯’i n‡q †Mj|

These incorrect ideas have dragged the scientific world into a dead end for the past 150 years. Tens of thousands of scientists from different branches worked in the hope of being able to prove Darwinism or other materialist theories.

GB Aï× a¨vb-aviYv ˆeÁvwbK we‡k¦ 150 ermi Av‡Mi mewKQyi g„Zy¨ †NvlYv Kij|wewfbœ kvLvi nvRvi nvRvi weÁvbx  WviDB‡bi weeZ©bev` I Ab¨vb¨ e¯—yev`x ZË¡ ev¯—evq‡bi j¶ wb‡q KvR Kiv ïi“ Kij |

But they were disappointed.

wKš‘ Zviv Zv‡`i j¶ n‡Z wePz¨Z n‡q †Mj|

The scientific evidence showed the exact opposite of the conclusion they wanted to reach. That is, it confirmed the truth of Creation.

‰eÁvwbK cÖgvY¸‡jv †`Lv‡Z jvMj Zv‡`i wecixZ j‡¶¨i Dcmsnvi hv‡Z Zviv †cŠQv‡Z †P‡qwQj| Zv n‡jv, GUv m„wói mZ¨¸‡jv cÖgvY Ki‡Z jvMj |

Today the world of science is astonished by this truth. When nature is examined it e erges that there is a major plan and design in every detail and this has cut away the foundations of materialist philosophy.

AvR we‡k¦i weÁvb mZ¨ Øviv mevB‡K Avðvh©wš^Z Ki‡Q| hLb cÖK…wZ cÖgvY Kiv ïi“ Kij ‡h G‡Z GK gnv cwiKíbvKvixi cwiKíbvq me wKQy  n‡q‡Q Ges GUv e¯‘ev`x `k©‡bi wfZ chš— Uwj‡q w`j|

For example, the extraordinary structure of DNA shows scientists that it is not the result of an accident.

D`vnviY ¯^i“c, wW. Gb G Gi we‡kl MVb weÁvbx‡`i †`Lvj †h cwieZ©b nVvr K‡i Av‡mwb |

The DNA in a single human cell contains enough information to fill a whole 900-volume encyclopaedia.

GKRb gvby‡li mvaviY GKwU gvÎ wW, Gb, G GZ Z_¨ aviY K‡i hv 900 fwjDg G¨vbmvB‡K¬vwcwWqvi mgvb|

Gene Myers, a scientist from the Celera company which administers the Human Genome Project, says this:

†m‡jiv ‡Kv¤úvbxi GKRb ˆeÁvwbK whwb gvbe wRb cÖ‡R‡±i cÖkvmK ‡R‡b gvBqvm©,  e‡j‡Qbt

What really astounds me is the architecture of life… The system is extremely complex. It's like it was designed… There's a huge intelligence there. (San Francisco Chronicle, 19 February, 2001)

mZ¨B Avgv‡K Avðvh©wš^Z K‡i‡Q Rxe‡bi wR‡bi MVbcÖYvjx.. .. ..  GB cÖwµqv Avm‡jB RwUj| GUv Ggb GKwU wWRvBb.. .. ..  †hLv‡b cÖPzi Áv‡bi cÖ‡qvRb|  ( mvb d«vw݇¯‹v µwbK¨vj, 19 †deª“qvix, 2001)

This astonishment affects the whole scientific world. Scientists are viewing with surprise the invalidity of the materialist philosophy and Darwinism which they were taught as truth, and some of them are declaring this openly. In his book Darwin’s Black Box, one of these figures, the American Professor of Biochemistry Michael Behe, describes the situation of the scientific world like this:

Gi Avðvh©wš^Z cÖfve mvov we‡k¦i ‰eÁvwbK gn‡j ‡cŠ‡Q †M‡Q| weÁvbxMY AevK n‡q j¶¨ Ki‡Q e¯‘ev` I WviDBwbR‡gi AmvoZv hv Zviv mZ¨ wn‡m‡e cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ D‡V-c‡o †j‡MwQj Ges Zv‡`i wKQy ‡LvjvLywjfv‡e Gme  †NvlYv K‡iwQj| Ó WviDBbÕm e­¨vK e·Ó eB‡Z Av‡gwiKvi ev‡qvK¨vwgwóªi Aa¨vcK gvB‡Kj weP&  ˆeÁvwbK we‡k¦i Ae¯’v †evSv‡Z wM‡q GKwU wP‡Îi eY©bv Gfv‡e w`‡qwQ‡jbt

Over the past four decades modern biochemistry has uncovered the secrets of the cell. The progress has been hard won. It has required tens of thousands of people to dedicate the better parts of their lives to the tedious work of the laboratory…

The result of these cumulative efforts to investigate the cell—to investigate life at the molecular level—is a loud, clear, piercing cry of "design!" The result is so unambiguous and so significant that it must be ranked as one of the greatest achievements in the history of science…

weMZ Pvi `kK a‡i AvaywbK ev‡qvK¨vwgwóªi mKj  †Mvcbxq †mj ¸‡jv †Lvjv wQj| hvi cÖwµqvq Rq wQj KwVb| Gi Pvwn`v wQj nvRvi nvRvi †jv‡Ki hviv Zv‡`i Rxe‡bi DrK„ó Ask¸‡jv‡K bó K‡i †djwQj ïaygvÎ M‡elYvMv‡i KvR K‡i.. .. ..

hvi d‡j GB µgavivevwnK K‡Vvi cwikªgj× M‡elYv¸‡jvi dj n‡”Q -Rxeb‡K wewb‡qvM K‡i cvigvbweK †j‡fj †_‡K- eo, cwi¯‹vi, †e`bv`vqK Kvbœv¯^i“c Ó wWRvBbÓ!ev bKkv| cvIqv |

The same situation exists in astronomy. The astronomy of the twentieth century has demolished the materialist theories of the nineteenth. First with the Big Bang theory, it emerged that the universe had a beginning, the moment of Creation. Since then it has been realised that in the universe there is an extraordinarily delicate balance which protects human life.

GKB Ae¯’v n‡qwQj gnvKvk weÁv‡b| wesk kZvãxi gnvKvk weÁvb Dwbk kZ‡Ki e¯—yZvwš¿K ZË¡ Gi †W‡gv ev bKj| cÖ_gZ wQj weM e¨vs ev gnv we‡ùviY ZË¡, Gi e¨vL¨v n‡”Q, m„wói gyû‡Z©B gnvwe‡k¦i ïi“ n‡qwQj| ZLb †_‡K gnvwek¦ gvby‡li Rxeb i¶vi Rb¨  A-¯^vfvweK  `ye©j fvimvg¨ eRvq ivL‡Q |

For these reasons, in the world of physics and astronomy atheism is in rapid decline. As American physicist Robert Griffiths jokingly remarks:

Gi KviY n‡”Q, c`v_© I gnvKvk weÁvb Gi Bw_Rg ev bvw¯—K¨ev` `ª“Z aŸsm n‡q hv‡”Q| ievU© wMÖwdU&m RwKswj, GKRb Av‡gwiKvb weÁvbx gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qbt

If we need an atheist for a debate, I go to the philosophy department. The physics department isn't much use. (Hugh Ross, The Creator and the Cosmos, p. 123)

hw` Avgiv Bw_ó ev bvw¯—K¨ev` wb‡q ZK© Kwi, Avwg `k©b wefv‡M hve| c`v_© wefvM †ewk e¨envi Kie bv| ( wnDR †ivR, Ó `¨v wµ‡qUi GÛ `¨v Kmgm, c„ 123)

In short, in our day and age materialist philosophy is collapsing. Science is rediscovering certain very important facts rejected by materialist philosophy and in this way a new concept of science is being born.

ms‡¶‡c,Avgv‡`i  I e¯‘ev`x `k©‡bi eqm †kl n‡q hv‡”Q| weÁvb n‡”Q cybivq Avwe¯‹viK hv e¯‘ev`x `k©b ev` w`‡qwQj Ges hvi c_ Lye ¸i“Z¡cyY© bZyb wel‡qi aviYv Rb¥ †`qv|

For example, the famous Australian microbiologist Michael Denton states that the complex organs of living things cannot be explained by evolution:

D`vnviY ¯^i“c, weL¨vZ A‡óªwjqvb gvB‡µvev‡qvjwRó gvB‡Kj †W›Ub eY©bv K‡i‡Qb ‡h Rx‡ei RwUj A½-cÖZ¨½ weeZ©b Øviv e¨vL¨v Kiv hv‡e bv|

Prof. MICHAEL DENTON- Australia:

Aa¨vcK gvB‡Kj ‡W›Ub- A‡óªwjqvt

This is a very profound question which everybody skirts, every body brushes over and everybody tries to sweep under the carpets…

GUv LyeB ¸i“Z¡cyY© cÖkœ hv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Gwo‡q hvq, cÖ‡Z¨‡KB †Zjv gv_vq †Zj †`q Ges Kv‡c©‡Ui wb‡P cwi¯‹vi K‡i.. ..

The fact is that the majority of these complex adaptations in nature cannot be adequately explained by the emergence occured by a series of intermediate forms…

Hvi djvdj GB †h, ‡ewki fvMB cÖK…wZ‡Z RwUj cÖwZ‡hvR‡bi chv©ßfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq bv †m mKj ¸i“Z¡cyY© welq hv avivevwnK fv‡e ga¨eZ©x mg‡q MwVZ.. ..

And this is in fact, something, as far as I am concerned, a fundamental problem. The fact that there are so many of these things…

hZ`yi Avgvi aviYv GUv GKwU welq, Ges GKwU g~j mgm¨v| hv n‡”Q, †mLv‡b A‡bK welq Dcw¯’wZ|

For me OK, there is something wrong with the theory. Common sense tells me there must be something wrong…

Avgvi Rb¨ wVK Av‡Q, GB Z‡Ë¡ wKQy f~j Av‡Q| Kgb †mÝ ej‡Q †h †mLv‡b wKQy GKUv f~j Av‡Q.. .. ..

The famous German biologist Werner Gitt explains how genetic information in living things proves the Creation in these terms:

weL¨vZ Rvg©vb RxeweÁvbx Iqvb©vi wMU e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb wKfv‡e Rx‡ei †R‡bwUK Z_¨ m„wói kZ© cÖgvY K‡it

Prof. WERNER GITT- Germany:

It's impossible that new information is coming from a random process. If you see a computer programme, it needs a programmer. If you see a car, it needs a designer. If you see the biological information in cells, then you must say, that is a right conclusion, it needs a Creator Who has made the programmes of genes, to create the proteins, to create the organs. It is necessary that you have this. So we can say evolution is an impossible process.

GUv Am¤¢e †h bZzb Z_¨ avivevwnK fv‡e Av‡m| hw` Avcwb Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvg †`‡Lb, Zvn‡j GKRb †cÖvMÖvgvb cÖ‡qvRb| hw` GKwU Mvwo †`‡Lb, Gi GKRb wWRvBbvi ev bKkvKvix `iKvi| hw` ev‡qvjwRK¨vj Z‡_¨i †mj¸‡jv †`‡Lb, Avcwb Aek¨B ej‡eb, GUvB mwVK Dcmsnvi, Gi Aek¨B m„wóKZ©v `iKvi  whwb wR‡bi †cÖvMÖvg mvwR‡q‡Qb, †cÖvwUb m„wó K‡i‡Qb, A½-cÖZ¨½ m„wó K‡i‡Qb| GUv cÖ‡qvRbxq KviY G¸‡jv Avcbvi Av‡Q| myZivs Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, weeZ©b GKwU Am¤¢e cÖwµqv|

The American Professor of Biochemistry Michael Behe explains why the Creation is a scientific fact:

Av‡gwiKvb ev‡qvK¨vwgwóªi Aa¨vcK gvB‡Kj weP e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb †Kb m„wó GKwU ˆeÁvwbK cÖwµqvt

Prof. MICHAEL BEHE- USA:

Aa¨vcK gvB‡Kj weP- BD, Gm, Gt

I think the conclusion of design is a scientific one, an empirical one, based completely on the observable system… The universe and life were intended, that they are the product of intelligent activity. And I just like to point out that this idea comes from the progressive science, it is not from what we do not know, that is rather from what we have learned over the past 50 years.

Avwg wPš—v Kwi GKwU ˆeÁvwbK bKkvi, GKwU cix¶vi welq, hv cyY©v½ fv‡e cix¶Yxq cÖwµqv.. .. . hvi ga¨ gnvwek¦ I Rxeb wbgw¾Z, hv Zviv Drcv`b K‡i‡Q eyw×gËvi mv‡_|Ges Avwg G welq wb‡q ej‡Z PvB ‡h GB wPš—v G‡m‡Q AMÖMvgx weÁvb †_‡K, GUv Zv bq hv Avgiv Rvwb bv, GU n‡”Q Zv hv Avgiv wk‡LwQ weMZ 50 ermi Av‡M †_‡K|

The American philosopher Phillip Johnson summarises the conclusion science has reached like this:

Av‡gwiKvb Aa¨vcK wdwjc Rbmb weÁv‡bi cÖ‡ek wb‡q mvivsk †U‡b‡Qb Gfv‡e t

Prof. PHILLIP E. JOHNSON- USA:

Aa¨vcK wdwjc B Rbmb- BD, Gm, Gt

We are here as the products of an intelligent creator that brought about our existence for a purpose.

Our existence and that above other living things was due to the conscious purposeful activity of a creator.

Avgiv GLv‡b G‡mwQ GKwU ‡cÖvWv± ev Drcv`b wn‡m‡e GKRb gnvÁvbx m„wóKZ©vi Øviv GKwU j¶¨ cyi‡Yi Rb¨| Avgv‡`i Rxeb ,Rxe‡bvcKiY I Ab¨vb¨ RxweZ e¯‘ n‡”Q m„wóKZ©vi GKwU D‡Ïk¨-c~Y© Kvh©µg|

CONCLUSION

Dcmsnvi

God created the entire universe, and the whole of creation shows humanity the signs of God. Science is the method of investigating what has been created, so conflict between religion and science is out of the question.

Avj­vn iveŸyj AvÕjvgxb gnvwek¦ m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges mKj m„wó gvbyl‡K †`Lv‡”Q Avj­vni gwngv| weÁvb n‡”Q M‡elYvi GKwU c×wZ hv m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q, myZivs ag© Ges weÁv‡bi ZK© cÖ‡kœi D‡aŸ©|

On the contrary, Islam encourages science. The major scientific advances in Islamic history clearly show the importance of this encouragement.

Gfv‡e ejv hvq, Bmjvg weÁvb‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i| †ewkifvM ‰eÁvwbK AMÖMwZi BwZnvm Bmjv‡gi BwZnvm hv cwi¯‹vi fv‡e †`Lvq †h Bmjvg weÁvb‡K KZUzKy ¸i“Z¡w`‡q jvjb K‡i‡Q|

Today the nineteenth century theories which tried to confuse science with materialist philosophy have lost their validity.

AvR wesk kZ‡Ki ZË¡ hv cÖZvwiZ Kivi †Póv Ki‡Q †h e¯‘ev`x `k©b weÁv‡bi mv‡_ Zvi mgq †kl K‡i‡Q|

Humanity will shortly understand clearly that:

gvbyl Aímg‡qB cwi¯‹vi fv‡e eyS‡Z cvi‡Q †h

God created the entire universe and all living things,

Avj­vn iveŸyj AvÕjvgxb gnvwek¦ Ges mKj wKQy m„wó K‡i‡Qb ,

Science provides evidence of this Creation,

mKj m„wó ˆeÁvwbK fv‡e cÖgvwYZ

And the Qur’an, which brought the news of this truth 14 centuries ago, leads the way to science.

Ges Avj-KziAvb, hv wbwðZ fv‡e 14kZ ermi Av‡M weÁvb‡K †bZ…Z¡ †`evi c_ Rvwb‡qwQj,

It is a Book We have sent down to you, full of blessing, so let people of intelligence ponder its Signs and take heed. (Qur’an, 38: 29)

একটি বরকতময় কিতাব, যা আমি আপনার প্রতি বরকত হিসেবে অবতীর্ণ করেছি, যাতে মানুষ এর আয়াতসূহ লক্ষ্য করে এবং বুদ্ধিমানগণ যেন তা অনুধাবন করে|  

This is My Path and it is straight, so follow it. Do not follow other ways or you will become cut off from His Way. That is what He instructs you to do, so that hopefully you may do your duty. (Qur’an, 6: 153)

তোমাদেরকে এ নির্দেশ দিয়েছেন, যেন তোমরা উপদেশ গ্রহণ কর| নিশ্চিত এটি আমার সরল পথ| অতএব, এ পথে চল এবং অন্যান্য পথে চলো না| তা হলে সেসব পথ তোমাদেরকে তাঁর পথ থেকে বিচ্ছিন্ন করে দিবে| তোমাদেরকে এ নির্দেশ দিয়েছেন, যাতে তোমরা সংযত হও|